Study on Physiological and Biochemical Evalutions of Horses Affected by Gastrointestinal Tract Disturbances
A. I. A. Bahar
College of Postgraduates Sudan, University of Science and Technology, Sudan and Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Nyala, Sudan.
Siham E. Suliman
Collage of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum North, Sudan.
H. I. Seri
Collage of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum North, Sudan.
Selma Elmalieh Abdalla
Collage of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum North, Sudan.
Hidaia Zolain
Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Nyala, Sudan.
Tamour Elkhier *
Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Nyala, Sudan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aim: This study was carried out to investigate causes, signs, some Physiological and Biochemical Parameters, and controlling of pain in Horse Affected by Gastrointestinal Tract Disturbances.
Study Design: The number of 66 horses were used in this study. The horses were divided into two groups. Group I consist of (50 horses) showing signs of digestive system (GIT) disturbances, group II consist of (16 horses) showing normal clinical signs of digestive and used as control group.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample collection: Nyala south Darfur state – Sudan, and sample analysis: University of Nyala Faculty of veterinary science, department of physiology and biochemistry, Nyala –Sudan between December 2019 and April 2021.
Methodology: the case history and clinical examination was done to all , surveyed animals, the physiological parameters (respiratory rate, pulse rates, rectal temperature, eye mucous membrane colour) and biochemical parameters (plasma total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, triecylglyceride, Creatinine, LDH,ALP,ALT, phosphate) were examined.
Results: Over feeding of bean leaves was the most common cause of GIT Disturbance, followed by over feeding of grain, clove, unknown causes, natural grazing, Babesiosis, over drinking of water (Table,1). Some cases showed signs of colic such as flank watching, strechining of the belly, rolling, and running and no signs of pain was noticed in other cases (Table,2) Nefopam injection was found better than Diclofenac Sodium in controlling of colicky horses whereas Respiration rate, puls rate, and rectal temperature were significantly increased in horses affected by GIT-Disturbances( tale,3), in addition to increasing of total Protein, Albumin, Globulin,Urea, Creatinine, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), but no significant changes in Triglyceride and phosphate were noticed (Table,4).
Conclusion: Causes of equine gastro intestinal disturbance are variable but most of them are related to the management. This study found that respiration rate and pulse rate in addition to rectal temperature were increased due to equine gastro-intestinal disturbance in addition to behavioral changes were recorded in some cases, so non-steroidal anti-inflammatory is needed for controlling pain, we recommend using of Nefopam injection in horses with severe pain. When usage of other drugs are necessary such as anti-biotic attention must be paid to the effect of that drugs on the liver and kidney in addition to administration of intra-venous infusions to return urea and creatinine to their normal level and to rehydrated the infected horse.
Keywords: Biochemical, colic, horse, blood, ALT, GIT