Nanotechnology and Ayurveda: Emerging Opportunity for Profitable Dairy Husbandry
Narayan G. Hegde *
BAIF Development Research Foundation, Pune, Maharashtra 411 058, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Livestock development, dairy husbandry in particular, is an important source of food security and income generation for marginal and poor farmers in India and other developing countries. However, productivity of the livestock owned by small farmers is very low, because of inferior genetic base, nutritional deficiency and poor health care. While genetic improvement is being carried out by providing breeding services at the door steps of small farmers, balanced feeding and effective health care need greater attention. This paper identifies the problems faced by small livestock holders and identifies appropriate technologies which can benefit them. Application of nanotechnology and Ayurveda have good potential to provide effective treatment against major health problems such as infertility, metritis, mastitis, ecto and endo-parasites, while ensuring the supplementation of essential mineral nutrients. Nanotechnology for developing Ayurvedic medicines can be more effective than traditional herbal medicines and can significantly reduce the cost of treatment. Promising new generation products developed with this concept, such as ‘Roofert’ and ‘Rookare’ have been proving effective in controlling infertility, metritis and mastitis. There is a need for policy support and investment on research and development to tap the potential of these technologies for the benefit of dairy farmers.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, nano–nutrients, Infertility control, mastitis control, Roofert, Rookare
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Government of India. Annual Report 2021-22. Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India; 2022.
Available:https://dahd.nic.in/sites/default/filess/Annualpercent20Reportpercent20English.pdf
Government of India. Economic Survey 2021-22. Government of India, Ministry of Finance, Department of Economic Affairs. New Delhi. 2022. Available:https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/economicsurvey/doc/echapter.pdf
Hegde NG. Goat development: An opportunity to strengthen rural economy in Asia and Africa. Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 2020;5 (4):30-47.
Government of India. 20th livestock census – 2019. All India Report. Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India. 2020.
Available:https://ruralindiaonline.org/en/library/resource/20th-livestock-census-2019-all-india-report/
Hegde NG. Livestock development for sustainable livelihood of small farmers. Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 2019. 3(2): 1-17.
Kumar K, Garg L, Singh RK, Mahesh Chander. Challenges in the Indian livestock sector and suggested interventions: An overview. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. January 2021;9(1):422-428.
Available:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348447969_ Challenges_in_the_Indian_livestock_sector_and_suggested_interventions_An_overview
European Food safety Authority. Lumpy skin disease; 2020.
Available:https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/lumpy-skin-disease#:~:text= Lumpypercent20skinpercent20diseasepercent 20ispercent20a,beenpercent20exposedpercent20topercent20thepercent20virus.
Kumari B, Sinha RK. Mastitis in cattle. Pashudhan Praharee; 2020. Available:https://www.pashudhanpraharee.com/mastitis-in-cattle/
Izquierdo AC, Guerra Liera JE, Mancera AEV, Crispin RH, Reyes AEI, Mosqueda MLJ, Vázquez AG, Perez JO, Denis BERD, Sanchez RS. Causes of infertility in cows. Archives of Animal Husbandry & Dairy Science (AAHDS). 2019;1.
Available:http://irispublishers.com/aahds/
Dairy NZ. Milk fever; 2023.
Available:https://www.dairynz.co.nz/animal/cow-health/milk-fever/ #:~:text=Milkpercent20feverpercent20ispercent20apercent20metabolic,topercent20threepercent20dayspercent20postpercent2Dcalving.
VIrbac India. Cattle parasites: What are the peculiarities of external and internal parasites? 2022.
Available:https://in.virbac.com/cattle/diseases/parasites-in-cattle.
Hegde NG. Impact of crossbreeding and upgrading of nondescript cattle and buffaloes on livestock quality and income. The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2018;88(5):606-611.
Hegde NG. Livestock development for benefit of small farmers: critical components for success. Corpus J Vet Dairy Sci. 2022;3:1042 Available:https://www.corpuspublishers.com/assets/articles/cjdvs-v3-22-1042.pdf
Prasad GP, Narayana A. Ayurvedic treatment for cattle (Pashu Ayurveda) with special reference to sahadeva pashuayurveda. Journal Ind. Med. Heritage. 2011;XLI:207 -220. Available:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337906506_Ayurvedic_treatment_for_cattle_Pashu_Ayurveda_with_special_reference_to_sahadeva_pashuayurveda
Hashem NM, Gonzalez-Bulnes A. Nanotechnology and Reproductive Management ofFarm Animals: Challenges and Advances, Animals. 2021;11:1932. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11071932 Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/ani1107193https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8532/6ad5b9d41de3b1a91589c045209d6f7f84ed.pdf
Cordova-Izquierdo A. Best practices in animal reproduction: impact of nutrition on reproductive performance Livestock. J. Adv. Dairy Res. 2016;4:152.
Konkol D, Wojnarowski K. The use of nanominerals in animal nutrition as a way to improve the composition and quality of animal products. Journal of Chemistry. 2018;2018:7.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5927058
Ferreira-Silva JC, Burnett TA, Souto PFMP, Filho PCBG, Pereira LC, Araujo MV, Moura MT, Oliveira MAL. Progesterone (P4), luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and ovarian activity in postpartum Santa Inês ewes subject to a male effect. Arch. Anim. Breed. 2017;60:95–100. Available:https://aab.copernicus.org/articles/60/95/2017/
Zhou K, Li C, Chen D, Pan Y, Tao Y, Qu W, Liu Z, Wang X, Xie S. A review on nanosystems as an effective approach against infections of Staphylococcus aureus. Int. J. Nanomed. 2018;13:7333–7347.
Available:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30519018/
Hassan MM, El Zowalaty ME, Lundkvist A, Jarhult JD, Khan Nayem MR, Tanzin AZ, Badsha MR, Khan SA, Ashour HM. Residual antimicrobial agents in food originating from animals. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2021;111:141–150.
Kim JS, Kuk E, Yu KN, Kim JH, Park SJ, Lee HJ, Kim SH, Park YK, Park YH, Hwang CY, Kim YK, Lee YS, Jeong DH, Cho MH. Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine. 2007;3:95–101. Available:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17379174/
Rajendran D. Applications of nano minerals in animal production system. Research Journal of Biotechnology. 2013. 8 (3): 1–3.
Seven PT, Seven I, Baykalir, BG, Mutlu SI, Salem AZM. Nanotechnology and nano-propolis in animal production and health: an overview. Italian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2018;17(4): 921–930.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2018.1448726
Available:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1828051X.2018.1448726
Hill EK, Li J. Current and future prospects for nanotechnology in animal production. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. 2017;8:26. DOI 10.1186/s40104-017-0157-5
Available:https://jasbsci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40104-017-0157-5
D. Rajendran D, Kumar G, Ramakrishnan S, Thomas KS. Enhancing the milk production and immunity in Holstein Friesian crossbred cow by supplementing novel nano zinc oxide. Research Journal Biotechnology. 2013;8(5):11–17.
Nandanwar AK, Bhonsle D, Khune VN, Mukherjee K, Prusty S, Ramteke N, Bhagat V, Kankarwal G, Thakre A. Effect of nano zinc supplementation on milk production, udder health and protein profile during transition period in Sahiwal cows. The Pharma Innovation Journal. 2022;SP-11(6):1958-1965.
Available:https://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2022/vol11issue6S/PartY/S-11-6-223-681.pdf
Wang K, Lu X, Lu Y, Wang J, Lu Q, Cao X, Yang Y, Yang Z. Nanomaterials in Animal Husbandry: Research and Prospects. Front. Genet. Sec. Livestock Genomics. 2022;13.
Available:https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.915911
Sri Balaji N, Chakravarthi VP. Ethno-veterinary Practices in India. Veterinary World. 2010;3(12):549-551.
Available:http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.3/December/ Ethnoveterinary%20Practices%20in%20India%20%E2%80%93%20A%20Review.pdf
Bhatt PR, Pandya KB, Patel UD, Patel HB, Modi CM. Survey on ethnoveterinary practices around Junagadh, Gujarat, India. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2019;81(1):161-167. DOI: 10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000493
Jayakumara S, Baskaran N, Arumugam R, Sathiskumara S, Pugazhenthia M. Herbal medicine as a live practice for treating livestock ailments by indigenous people: A case study from the Konar community of Tamil Nadu. South African Journal of Botany. 2018;118:23-32. Available:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S025462991830992X
Balakrishnan V, Robinson JP, Manickasamy A, Ravindran KC. Ethno veterinary studies among farmers in Dindigul District Tamil Nadu, India. Global J. Pharmacol. 2009;3(1):15-23.
Rastogi S, Pandey MK, Jai Prakash, Sharma A, Singh GN. Veterinary herbal medicines in India. Pharmacogn Rev. 2015;9(18):155–163. DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.162140 Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4557239/
India Mart. Veterinary herbal manufacturing in India; 2022.
Available:https://www.indiamart.com/rar-wellness/veterinary-herbal-manufacturing-in-india.html
Roots Biotech Pvt. Ltd. Scientifically developed innovative products from roots for strong and healthy animals. Products Catalogue; 2022. Available:http://www.rootsbiotech.com/
Suryawanshi HP, Patel MR. Traditional uses of medicinal and phytopharmacological properties of Caesalpinia crista – An overview. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry. 2011;1(4):1179- 83.
Available:http://www.ijrpc.com/files/000054.pdf
Pandey AK, Gupta A, Tiwari M, Prasad S, Pandey AN, Yadav PK, Sharma A, Sahu K, Asrafuzzaman S, Vengayil DT, Shrivastav TG, Chaube SK. Impact of stress on female reproductive health disorders: Possible beneficial effects of shatavari (Asparagus racemosus). Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;103:46-49. PMID: 29635127 DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.003 Available:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29635127/
Trust Herb. Ayurvedic Products and Herbs Kokilaksha: 5 potent health benefits of Kokilaksha; 2020.
Available:https://trustherb.com/health-benefits-of-kokilaksha-health-benefits-of-ikshura/
Healthline. Nutrition: 8 Emerging Benefits of Gokshura; 2022. Available:https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/gokshura-benefits
Health Mug. About Vang bhasma; 2022. Available:https://www.healthmug.com/product/ baidyanath- vanga-bhasma-10g/1707176182
Suryawanshi D. Effect of ROOFERT on pH of vaginal and uterine discharge. Research Study Report. Omega Laboratories, Pune. 2014. (Unpublished) Roots. Rookare bolus; 2022. Available:http://www.rootsbiotech.com/mastitisrookarebolus.php.
Roots Biotech. Roocal Gel; 2022. Available:http://www.rootsbiotech.com/nano_roocalgel.php
Chouhan AS, Choudhary K, Prakash P. Research on Herbal Treatment against Ectoparasites in Cattle. Journal of Animal Research & Veterinary Science. 2022. Available:https://www.heraldopenaccess.us/openaccess/a-research-on-herbal-treatment-against-ectoparasites-in-cattle
Nimbalkar SD, Patil DS, Deo AD. Ethnoveterinary practices (EVP) for control of ectoparasite in livestock. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 2020;19(2):401-405.
Vikaspedia. Ethnoveterinary practices in animal care; 2023. Available:https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/best-practices/animal-husbandry/ethnoveterinary-practices-in-animal-care
Hegde NG. Nanotechnology: Cutting-edge tool for increasing agricultural production. Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research. 2023;10(10):20-28. Article no.AJAHR.95841. DOI: 10.9734/AJAHR/2023/v10i1218 Available:www.researchgate.net /publication/367742806_Asian_Journal_of_Agricultural_and_Horticultural_Research_ Nanotechnology_Cutting-edge_Tool_for_Increasing_Agricultural_Production