Major Causes of Organ Condemnation and Estimated Financial Loss in Dromedary Camels Slaughtered at Jigjiga Municipal Abattoir, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia
Mustafe Abdi Ahmed
*
Department of One Health Tropical and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jigjiga University, P.O. Box 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia and Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Amoud University, Borama, Awdal region, Somalia.
Bashir Mohamed Bashir
Head of Livestock Research Section, Ministry of Livestock and Animal Husbandry, Puntland, Somalia.
Abdilahi Saleban Ibrahim
College of Veterinary Medicine, Jigjiga University, P.O. Box 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
A cross sectional study was conducted between November 2018 to June 2019 with the aim of determining the prevalence of causes of organ condemnation with associated potential risk factors and estimating the magnitude of the direct economic losses from rejected organs. A total of 432 camels slaughtered at Jigjiga Municipal Abattoir abattoir were rondomly selected; 180(59%) male, 103(81%) female, and in age 102(60.7%) young, 181(68.6%) adult, and in body condition score; poor 41(97.6%), medium 98(81.6%), and good 144(53.3%). Based on origin of the animal, 16(22.2%), 20(34.5%), 3(23.1%), 19(29.7%), 29(19.7%), 16(20.5%) from Jigjiga, Dahagbur, Kabridahar, Fik, Babile, Shinile were detected one or more pathological signs respectively. During antemortem examination 140(32.36%) camels showed various abnormalities. such as localized lesions 52(12.03%), local swelling 18(4.16%), lacrimation 17(3.93%), nasal discharge 15(3.47%), rough hair coat 13(3.00%), lamness 12(2.77%), depression 8(1.85%) and blindness 5(3.57%). Upon postmortem inspection, the overall prevalence was 504(29.1%); 254(58.7%) lungs, 203(46.9%) liver, 40(9.25%) heart, 7(1.6%) kidneys were condemned. Some of the major cause of lung condemned were due to 103(23.8%) hydatid cyst, 68(15.7%) emphysema, and 48(11.1%) pneumonia. Lvier rejection were due to hydatid cyst, 25(5.8%) calcification, 82(19.0%) cirrhosis. Heart condemnation were due to 9(2.1%) calcified cyst, 4(0.9%) pericaditis, 13(3.0%) hydatid cyst. Kidney rejection rate were caused by 3(0.7%) hydatid cyst, 4(4.0%) hydronephritis. There was statistically significant between body condtion score, and sex of the animal with the rate of organ condemnation (P<0.05). While, age and origin of the animal were not statistically significant with the prevelance of organ condemnation (P>0.05). Lung and liver were most commonly condemned organs followed by heart and kidney in camel slaughtered at Jigjiga Municipal Abattoir. The financial loss due to edible organs condemned in this study was estimated to 773,143,000 ETB / 16,734,696.97 USD. Therefore, appropriate strategies should be established for prevention, and control of this level of condemnation rate of organs and to sustain the massive monetory loss caused by the rate of organs condemned in the studied area.
Keywords: Dromedary camels, Jigjiga, Ante-mortem, organ condemnation, financial loss, rejection rate
How to Cite
Downloads
References
FAO. Camel population and http://www.fao.org/corp/statistics/en/ FAO (2019). R. Italy. FAOSTAT; 2019
Mwinyikione M, Mekonnen H. Preview of Camel (Camelus dromedarius) hides marketing and challenges in Eastern Africa. Journal of Africa Leather and Leather Products Advances 2016;3(1): 2410-0838.
Shapiro B, Getachew G, Solomon D, Asfaw N, Kidus N, Gezahegn A, Henok M Ethiopia livestock sector analysis, ILRI Project Report, Nairobi, Kenya: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). 2017;8.
Sirak A. Causes of organ condemnation in Bahir Dar abattoir proceeding of the 4th national live stock improvement conference. Addis Ababa: Institute of Agricultural Research; 1991.
Arbabi M, Hooshyr H. Survey of Regions might have accounted forvariation of the Echinococcosis and Hydatidosis in Kashan Region, Prevalence in different areas of a country Central Iran. Iran Journal Public Health. 2006;35:75-81.
Fufa A, Loma A, Bekele M, Alemayehu R. Bovine fasciolosis: Coprological, abattoir survey and its economic impact due to liver condemnation at SodoMunicipal abattoir, Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health. 2010;42:289-292
Stärk K, Alonso S, Dadios N, Dupuy C, Ellerbroek L, Georgiev M, Hardstaff J, Huneau Salaün A, Laugier C, Mateus AStrengths and weaknesses of meat inspection as a contribution to animal health and welfare surveillance. Food Control. 2014;39:154–62.
Alemayehu R, Nebyou M, Bekele M, Desta B, Dessie S, Etana D, Fufa A, Eystein S. Major causes of organs and carcass condemnation in small ruminants slaughtered at Luna Export Abattoir, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Preventive Veterinaey Medicine. 2013; 110(2):139– 148.
Ahmed A, Ismail S, Dessouki A. Pathological lesions survey and economic loss for male cattle slaughtered at Ismailia abattoir. International Food Research Journal. 2013;20(2):857-863.
Amene F, Eskindir L Dawit T. Cause, of Organ Condemnation of Cattle Slaughtered at Jimma Municipal Abattoir, Southwestern Ethiopia. Global Veterinarian. 2012;9(4):396-400.
Romazanvoc F. Cestode zoonosis: Echnococcosis and Cysticercosis an emergent and global problem. IOS Press, Netherlands. 2001;34-57.
Central Statistical Agency (CSA): Federal democratic republic of ethiopia. agricultural sample survey report on livestock and livestock characteristics, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2012.
Somali regional State pastoral development bureau (SRSPDB): Annual report on Livestock production at jigjiga city, Ethiopia; 2015.
Theme Grill. Where is jijiga located? What Country is Jijiga in? Jijiga Map; 2021.
Thrusfield M, Christley R. Veterinary epidemiology, 4th ed., John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Oxford, UK. 2018;275-276.
Faye B, Benoumi M, Cleradin A, Tabaruni A, Chilliard Y. Body condition score in dromedary camel: A tool for management of reproduction. Emirgence. Journal of Agricultural Science. 2001;13:1-6.
Gracey J, Collins D, Huey R. Kenya. Meat Hygiene, 3 editions. W.B. Saunders Company Ltd. 1999;669-678.
FAO. Diseases of domestic animals caused by flukes, Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of Fasciola, Paramphistome Dicrocoelium, Eurytrema and Schistosome infections of ruminants developing countries, FAO/UN, Viale delle Terme di 18. Caracalla, Rome, Italy. 1994;49.
Ogunrinade A. Economic importance of bovine fasiolosis in Nigeria. Tropical Animal Health Production. 1980;12:155-160.
Nejash A, Walkite F. Major Causes of Organ Condemnation and Their Economic Loss in Camels Slaughtered at Dire Dawa Municipal Abattoir. Academia Arena. 2018;10(4):44-52.
Shitaye M, Tilaye Sh, Fanos T. Major causes of organ condemnation and associated financial loss in cattle slaughtered at Hawassa Municipal Abattoir, Ethiopia, Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health. 2016;8(10): 150-156.
Teddy D, Berhe M, Habtom K, Beyenech G. Major causes of condemnation of diseased organs and its economic importance in Cattle Slaughtered at Arba Minch Municipal Abattoir, Southern Ethiopia, Ethiopian Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Production (EJVSAP). 2018;2(1):1-11.
Tenaw M, Feyera T, Abera B. Major causes of organ condemnation in camels slaughtered at Akaki Abattoir, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Journal. Animal Health Production. 2015;3(1):14-20.
Jemalo A, Haile G, Furgasa W. Major Causes of Organ Condemnation and Their Economic Loss in Beef Cattle Slaughtered at Assella Municipal Abattoir. Journal of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry. 2018;6(2):208.
Wale T, Tirfayehu M, Assefa A. Major causes of organ condemnation and financial significance in cattle slaughtered at Jimma Municipal Abattoir, Southwestern Ethiopia. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences. 2017;4(2):32-39.
Shitahun A, Tesfu K, Yomiyu M. Major causes of organs condemnation of cattle slaughtered at Addis Ababa Abattoir Enterprise and their Economic Importance European Journal of Biological Sciences. 2018;10(3):72-79.
Fufa A, Debele H. Major Causes of Organ Condemnation for Cattle and its Financial Impact at Wolaita Soddo Municipality Abattoir, Southern Ethiopia, Global Veterinarian. 2013;11(6):730-734.
Amare A, Yosef D, Nuraddis I. Major causes of organ condemnation and its financial loss in cattle in Gondar ELFORA abattoir, Ethiopia. Researcher. 2017;9(10): 31- 38.
Yalew T, Zewdu M, Wedajo M. Major causes and abnormalities of organ condemnation and financial loss in cattle slaughtered at Dessie municipal abattior North Eastern Ethiopia, Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health. 2015;8(7):56-63.
Jatenie J, Mahendra P, Tanvir R. Investigation into major causes of organs condemnation in bovine slaughtered At Adama Municipal Abattoir And Their Economic Importance, Haryana Veterinary. 2014;53(2):139-143
Wondemagegnehu S, Shimelis A, Teferi M. A Study on the Major Causes of Organ and Carcass Condemnation in Cattle Slaughtered at Wolaita Sodo Municipality Abattoir, Food Science and Quality Management; 2017.
Alembrhan A, Haylegebriel T. Major causes of organ condemnation and economic loss in cattle slaughtered at Adigrat municipal abattoir, northern Ethiopia, Veterinary World. 2013;6(10): 734-738.
Mokhtaria K, Fadela S, Ammar M, Becacem T, Ammar A, Ameur S, Abdelkader B. Cystertcus teunicollis in small ruminants of Algeria: abattoir survey, biochemical and morphological characterization. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science. 2018;24(4):698- 703.
Assefa D, Gezaheng E, Abera B, Eticha E. Major Cause of Organ and Carcass Condemnation in Apparently Healthy Small Ruminant Slaughtered at Addis Ababa Abattoir Enterprise, Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology. 2017;8:419.
Bhaskararao T, Varaprasad V, Hafeez D. Prevalence of Cysticercus tenucollis infection in slaughtered sheep and goats at Kakinada, Andhra pradesh. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal 2003;27(2): 126-127.
Asmare A, Biniyam A, Mersha C. Major causes of lung and liver condemnation and financial impact in Cattle Slaughter at Bahir Dar Municpial Abattior. African Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences. 2012;4(5):165-171.
Mekuria E, Shimelis S, Bekele J, Sheferaw D. Sheep and Goat Cyticercuss tenuicollis Prevalence and associated risk factors. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 20138(24): 3121-3125.
Dawit G, Aklilu F, Getachew T, Matios L. Infection rates, risk factors and cyst fertility of hydatid cyst disease in camels in Ayssaita district, Northeastern Ethiopia. Global Veterinarian. 2013;11: 465-471.
Moges W, Issa A, Mersic A, Potgieter L. Investigation of parasitic disease of one- humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in eastern Ethiopia. Journal of Camel Practice and Research. 2001; 8:77-81.
Mersha Ch, Abdiselam M, Ismail W. University of Gondar, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Paraclinical Studies,, Gondar, Ethiopia Dire Dawa Animal Health Investigations and Diagnosis Laboratory, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; 2014.
Haimanot D, Munera A, Hawi J, Tilahun Z, Girma K. Major Causes of Organ Condemnation and Its Financial Losses in Cattle Slaughtered at Dire Dawa Municipal Abattoir, Eastern Ethiopia, Academic Journal of Animal Diseases. 2015;4(3): 118-123.
Ahmadi NA. Hydatidosis in camels (Camelus dromedarius) and their potential role in the epidemiology of E. granulosus in Iran. Journal of Helminthology. 2005; 79:119-125.
Mohamed M. Study of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered animals in AI Baha region. Saudi Arabia: Interaction between some biotic factors. Acta Tropica. 2010;113:26–33.
Woubet M. A preliminary study of echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Hararghe region and the efficacy of Glinhslotoidus seeds against Echinococcus granulosus in pups infected experimentally with hydatid material. DVM thesis, Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Debrezeit, Ethiopia; 1987
Urquhart G, Armmous J, Dunn A, Jennings F. Veterinary parasitology, 2nd ed. UK Oxford Longman scientific and technical press. 1996;100-109.
Seboka F. A study on common Lung gross abnormalities at Addis Abeba abattoir; 2008.
Casdamus and adeskan A. Cause of implication of Bovine organ/offal condemnation in some abattoird in western Nigeria Tropical Animal Health Production. 2009;41:1455–63.
McManus D. Molecular epidemiology of cystic echinococcosis. Parasitology, 127 Supplement. 2006;S37-51.
Nigusu B, Melaku T, Berhanu S, Nigatu K. Pathological Causes and Financial Lossof Camel Organ and Carcass Condemnationat Addis Ababa Abattoirs Enterprise, Ethiopia European Journal of Biological Sciences. 2015;7(2): 78-84.
Denbarga Y, Demewez G, Sheferaw D. Major causes of organ condemnation and financial significance of cattle slaughtered at Gondar Elfora Abattoir, Northern, Ethiopia. Global Veterinarian. 2011;7(5):487- 490.
Yifat D, Gedefaw D, Desie S. Major Causes of Organ Condemnation and Financial Significance of Cattle Slaughtered at Gondar Elfora Abattoir, Northern Ethiopia. Global Veterinarian. 2011;7(5):487-490.
Ojo A. A survey of pathological conditions in slaughtered goats a Zaria Municipal Abattoirs:In: Lebble, S.H.B Kagwini, E. (eds), Small Ruminant Research and Development in Africa. Proceeding of the 3 Biennial Coference of the Africa Small Ruminant Research Network, UICC, Kampala, Uganda, 5-9 Inernational Livestock Research Nairobi, Kenya; 1996.
Nurit M, Zerihun H, Serkalem M. Major cause of liver condemnation and associated financial loss at Kombolcha Elmore Abattoir, South Wollo, Ethiopia. European Journal of Applied Sciences. 2012;4(4):140-145.
Genet M, Guadu T, Basaznew C, Mersha B. Pathological Conditions Causing Organ and Carcass Condemnation and Their Financial Losses in Cattle Slaughtered in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. 2012;4(6): 200-208.
Bedaso K, Mekdes A, Teshome G. Major causes of organs and carcass condemnation and financial losses in Cattle Slaughtered at Adama Municipal Abattoir, Adama, Ethiopia. International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization; 2020.
Bosenu A, Mekuanenttena, Teka F. College of veterinary medicine; College of dryland agriculture, Jigjiga University, Ethiopia; 2015.
Shegaw S, Ashwani K, Kassaw A. Organ condemnation and economic loss at Mekelle municipital abattoir, Ethiopia. Global Veterinarian. 2009;48:17-22.
Kambarage D, Kimera S, Kazwala R, Mafwere B. Disease conditions responsiblefor condemnation of carcass and organ in shorthorn Zebu Cattle slaughtered in Tanzania Journal of Health Research. 2000;22:249-255.
Biressaw S, Deneke T. Major Causes of Organs and Carcass Condemnation and Financial Loss in Animals Slaughtered at Dire Dawa Municipal Abattoir, Eastern Ethiopia: Retrospective Data from 2010-2015, European Journal of Applied Sciences. 2017;9(6):s296-301.